Dissociation in esketamine and ketamine treatment in adults- a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Dissociation is a complex and prevalent concept in mental health, but it has not been extensively studied. Ketamine and esketamine have shown promising rapid antidepressant effects, suggesting their potential for treating individuals with treatment-resistant depression. Intranasal esketamine has been approved for use in the United States and Europe. Intravenous ketamine is commonly used off-label as an antidepressant, despite lack of standardized protocols. Both ketamine and esketamine are known to induce dissociative effects. The objective of this review is to understand the phenomenon of dissociation in the context of the treatment of depression with ketamine and esketamine.

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