Evaluation of Sedative and Physiological Effects of Intramuscular or Intranasal Ketamine-Midazolam and Ketamine-Dexmedetomidine in Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus sp.).

Abstract

<h4>Background</h4>This study evaluated the sedative and physiological effects of intramuscular (IM) or intranasal (IN) ketamine-midazolam and ketamine-dexmedetomidine in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.).<h4>Material and methods</h4>Twenty-four capuchin monkeys were randomly assigned into four groups (6 per group) to be administered ketamine (15 mg/kg) combined with midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) or dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg) IM (KM_IM and KD_IM groups, respectively) or IN (KM_IN and KD_IN groups, respectively). Physiological variables, sedation scores, and anesthetic recovery times were evaluated.<h4>Results</h4>All protocols resulted in tachypnea and heart rate values within the range indicated for the species. Blood pressure was significantly higher in KD_IM compared with KM_IM. All animals in KM_IM and KD_IM, and three animals in KM_IN and KD_IN, adopted lateral recumbency. Sedation, muscle relaxation, resistance to dorsal recumbency, and mandible tone scores were higher in KM_IM and KD_IM compared to KD_IN. Posture scores were higher in KM_IM and KD_IM compared to KM_IN. Time to standing was longer in KM_IM and KD_IM than in KD_IN.<h4>Conclusion</h4>All protocols promoted tachypnea and few effects on HR and blood pressure. KM_IM and KD_IM result in deep sedation. KM_IN and KD_IN result in light sedation. Anesthetic recovery was faster with KD_IN.

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