Altered Brain Dynamics Correspond to Dissociative States in PTSD and Under Ketamine
Abstract
Dissociation, an altered state of consciousness in which individuals feel detached from their body, environment, and sense of self, is a common feature of PTSD. Despite its significance, the neurocognitive processes underlying dissociation remain poorly understood, potentially limiting the effectiveness of PTSD diagnostics and treatment. To address this gap, we apply network control theory to examine neural dynamics corresponding to dissociative states in two contexts: intravenous ketamine administration, an anesthetic known to induce dissociative states (n=30, healthy volunteers), and therapeutic interventions in PTSD patients expected to alleviate dissociative symptoms (n=78). Ketamine administration led to brain dynamics resembling those observed in PTSD patients pre-treatment, with increased dominance of a default mode network metastate and decreased dominance of a somatomotor metastate. While ketamine did not significantly alter the brain's energetic landscape, transition energies increased post-treatment in PTSD patients, potentially indicating a more organized and less entropic brain dynamics.
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