Esketamine Combined With Magnesium Sulfate for Postoperative Fatigue Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Abstract
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), although minimally invasive, is frequently associated with postoperative fatigue syndrome (POFS), which can delay recovery and prolong convalescence. Esketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, has demonstrated potential benefits in reducing postoperative fatigue and pain through central sensitization blockade and anti-inflammatory effects. Magnesium sulfate, another NMDA receptor antagonist and physiological calcium channel blocker, offers complementary analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular-modulating properties. This randomized, double-blind, 2 × 2 factorial trial aims to evaluate the independent and combined effects of perioperative esketamine and magnesium sulfate on postoperative fatigue, recovery quality, pain, and intraoperative hemodynamics in patients undergoing LC, with the goal of identifying an effective and safe strategy to accelerate early postoperative rehabilitation.
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