Sleep outcomes of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression: A retrospective clinical cohort study
Abstract
There is growing clinical evidence to suggest that sleep improvement may mediate the antidepressant outcomes of ketamine treatment for TRD (Rodrigues et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2021). In contrast, a recent naturalistic study reported sleep improvements secondary to depression symptom improvements (Yan et al., 2024). This research was designed in response to the conflicting evidence regarding the temporality of, and association between, sleep and depression improvements over ketamine treatment. Additionally, there is a lack of naturalistic research in this field, and real-world TRD populations tend to be less well or more clinically complex than trial populations. Seminal research has also relied on depression scale sleep sub-items rather than validated sleep scales. We aim to evaluate whether these sleep items are valid measures of sleep changes across treatment. The implications for previous work and the scales' relative utility in clinical practice will be discussed.
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