A Scoping Review of Ketamine and Psychotherapy for Depressive Disorders With or Without Comorbid Conditions

Abstract

This scoping review aims to systematically map the existing clinical literature on ketamine and psychotherapy as a treatment approach in individuals with measured depressive symptoms, including those with primary depressive disorders (e.g., major depressive disorder, bipolar depression) and those with other psychiatric diagnoses (e.g., PTSD, borderline personality disorder) where depression-related outcomes are reported. The review will include studies in which ketamine(or esketamine) is administered in conjunction with a structured psychotherapeutic intervention, and where depressive symptoms are measured both before and after the intervention, regardless of whether depression is the primary treatment target. The objectives of this review are to: - Identify and categorize the psychotherapeutic modalities delivered alongside ketamine; including therapy modality, timing of therapy related to ketamine dosing, and role of the ketamine dosing session in therapy -Identify and categorize ketamine interventions used in these treatment models - Describe the clinical populations studied, including primary diagnoses and comorbid conditions; - Summarize reported depression-related outcomes and their associated measures; - Characterize methodological features of included studies; - Identify gaps in the current literature to inform future clinical research. We expect that reports will be very heterogeneous, with the bulk of studies retrospective or in the form of case reviews. We expect that there will be variations in how practices are reported in the literature, and that we will identify challenges in reporting studies using both ketamine and psychotherapy. Finally, we will aim to categorize studies and suggest an improved framework for future research reporting.

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