Caffeine-induced ego-confrontation during rest
Abstract
<p>Caffeine is widely studied as a facilitator of externally directed cognition, yet comparatively little is known about its effects on spontaneous cognition when external behavioural demands are weak. This paper proposes that caffeine can induce a distinctive state of ego-confrontation during rest. Acute caffeine reduces posterior default mode network (DMN) coherence while increasing DMN temporal complexity and arousal. It is hypothesised that, under weak external constraint, this combination increases the processing priority of affectively and autobiographically salient discrepancies while higher-order self-model evaluation remains comparatively preserved. Ego-confrontation is defined as heightened registration of discrepancy between represented current circumstances or self-state and desired, expected or feared self-states. This state is distinguished from psychedelic ego-dissolution, associated with relaxation of high-level priors and widespread desynchronisation, and from stronger psychostimulant states, in which substantial striatal dopaminergic amplification and altered control-network organisation may bias cognition toward action selection. The hypothesis predicts that caffeine will increase personally salient self-discrepancy during weakly constrained cognition, covarying with reduced DMN coherence and increased temporal complexity, while stronger external demands should attenuate this effect. If supported, the model could explain how the same caffeinated state may facilitate reinterpretation, belief revision, planning and goal pursuit when salient discrepancies are resolvable, yet favour repetitive self-evaluation, dissatisfaction, anxiety and rumination when they remain unresolved.</p>
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