<i>Panaeolus oligotrophus</i>: A new species from central Florida, with notes on <i>Panaeolus pumilus</i> and <i>Crucispora rhombisperma</i>.

Abstract

<i>Panaeolus oligotrophus</i> sp. nov., a species macromorphologically resembling <i>Panaeolus cinctulus</i>, was collected in central Florida. Its macro- and micromorphological features are described and compared with all other known <i>Panaeolus</i> species. Color photos of the fruiting bodies and micrographs of key microscopic features are provided, along with an updated phylogenetic analysis. A microscopic reexamination of the holotype of <i>Panaeolus pumilus</i> supports its synonymy with <i>P. cinctulus</i>. The potential for psilocybin production by <i>P. oligotrophus</i> was determined by the characterization of the psilocybin gene cluster through whole genome sequencing. Phylogenetic and morphological evidence also supports the placement of <i>Crucispora rhombisperma</i> within <i>Panaeolus</i>, for which the new combination <i>Panaeolus rhombispermus</i> is proposed. This paper makes two interesting additions to the genus <i>Panaeolus: P. rhombispermus</i> introduces the novelty of an extremely differentiated spore morphology, and <i>Panaeolus oligotrophus</i> provides a rare example of <i>Panaeolus</i> in the underexplored niche of oligonutritive sandy soil.

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